【英语（高起点）】

[大题] Grandma Moses is among the most famous twentieth-century painters of the United States， yet she had only just begun painting in her late seventies. As she once said of herself： “I would never sit back in a rocking-chair， waiting for someone to help me.”She was born on a farm in New York State. At twelve she left home and was in a service until at twenty-seven， she married Thomas Moses， the tenant of hers. They farmed most of their lives. She had ten children， of whom five survived; her husband died in 1928.Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a hobby， but only changed to oils in old age because her hands had become too stiff to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her pictures were first sold at an exhibition， and were soon noticed by a businessman who bought everything she painted. Three of the pictures were shown in the Museum of Modern Art， and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1930‘s and her death she produced some 2，000 pictures： careful and lively pictures of the country life she had known， with a wonderful sense of color and form.

上传用户:huihuihui 上传时间:2023年10月14日

【英语（高起点）】

[大题] In the fall of 1924 Thomas Wolfe， fresh from his courses in play writing at Harvard joined the eight or ten of us who were teaching English composition in New York University. I had never before seen a man so tall as he， and so ugly. I pitied him and went out of my way to help him with his work and make him feel at home.His students soon let me know that he had no need of my protectiveness. They spoke of his ability to explain a poem in such a manner as to have them shouting with laughter or struggling to keep back their tears， of his readiness to quote in detail from any poet they could name.Indeed， his students made so much of his power of observation that I decided to make a little test and see for myself. My chance came one morning when the students were slowly gathering for nine o‘clock classes.Upon arriving at the university that day， I found Wolfe alone in the large room which served all the English composition teachers as an office. He did not say anything when I asked him to come with me out into the hall， and he only smiled when we reached a classroom door and I told him to enter alone and look around.He stepped in， remained no more than thirty seconds and then came out. “Tell me what you see.” I said as I took his place in the room， leaving him in the hall with his back to the door. Without the least hesitation and without a single error， he gave the number of seats in the room， pointed out those which were taken by boys and those occupied by girls， named the colors each student was wearing， pointed out the Latin verb written on the blackboard， spoke of the chalk marks which the cleaner had failed to wash from the floor， and pictured in detail the view of Washington Square from the window.As I rejoined Wolfe， I was speechless with surprise. He， on the contrary， was wholly calm as he said， “The worst thing about it is that I‘ll remember it all.”

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【英语（高起点）】

[大题] The trick in food photography is to show the food looking fresh， so many dishes have stand-ins， just as movie stars do. “When I get my lights and cameras set up， I remove the stand-in and put in the real thing，” explains Ray Webber， who photographs food for magazine advertisements. “Sometimes I have to brush the meat with its juices because it may have dried out a bit. A and when I‘m shooting (拍照) something like tomatoes， I always carry water to spray them with dew just before I shoot.”Shooting food outdoors has special problems. “I‘m always worrying about flies or worms crawling up a glass，” Webber explains， “my worry is that someday a dog will come up from behind and run off with the food.” Once Webber was shooting a piece of cheese outdoors and needed something to make its color beautiful. Finally he found it： a weed with lovely blue flowers. When the shot appeared， several people were horrified-the weed was deadly nightshade!

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【英语（高起点）】

[大题] With the large number of dogs roaring through our communities， people need to know the facts about rabies (狂犬病)， a fatal disease caused by animal bites. Despite vaccination (接種疫苗) programs， rabies is still very prevalent， and will continue to be a serious public health problem for many years to come.Rabies strikes the central nervous system and brings on choking， convulsions (抽搐) and inability to swallow liquids. It can even cause death. If you or anyone in your family is bitten by dog， cat or other animal， you should not panic， but thoroughly wash the wound with plenty of soap and water and rush to nearby hospital for immediate treatment. If you own the animal which did the biting， you should immediately call a veterinarian for advice and make sure the public health authorities know when and where the biting took place and who was bitten.

上传用户:huihuihui 上传时间:2023年10月14日

【英语（高起点）】

[大题] Mr. Jones woke early one morning， before the sun had risen. It was a beautiful morning， _1_ he went to the window and looked out. He was _2_ to see a neatly-dressed and mid-aged professor， who _3_ in the university just up the road from Mr. Jones‘ house， coming the direction of the town. He had grey hair thick glasses， and was _4 an umbrella， a morning newspaper and a bag. Mr. Jones thought that he must have _5_ by the night train _6_ taking a taxi.Mr. Jones had a big tree in his garden， and the children had tied a long _7_ to one of the branches， so that they could swing on it.Mr. Jones saw the professor _8_ when he saw the rope and looked carefully up and down the road. When he saw that there was _9_ in sight， he stepped into the garden (there was no fence)， put his umbrella， newspaper， bag and hat nearly on the grass and _10_ the rope. He pulled it _11_ to see whether it was strong enough to take his weight， then ran as fast as he could and swung into the _12_ on the end of the rope， his grey hair blowing all around _13_. _14_ he swung， sometimes taking a few more _15_ steps on the grass when the rope began to swing _16_ slowly for him._17_ the professor stopped， straightened his tie， combed his hair carefully， put on his hat， _18_ his umbrella， newspaper and bag， and continued _19_ his way to the university， looking as _20_ and correct and respectable as one would expect a professor to be.

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【英语（高起点）】

[大题] First there was learning. This has always been an important part of human life. By imitating their parents， children learned to hunt， to make tools， and to take care of themselves and others.Next came education. This was possible only after people developed language. Then adults could explain how to do things. They could talk about traditions， beliefs， and ceremonies of the group. Still， education was oral. Children could learn only what their teachers could remember.Finally， schools were created. They came into being because writing was invented. The first system for writing appeared about 3，500 B.C. in Sumeria， a land that is now Iraq. The Sumerians also invented a system for calculating with numbers. About 500 years later， the Egyptians discovered writing and calculation， too. And shortly after that， both the Sumerians and the Egyptians started schools. Being able to read and write they allowed people to learn anything that could be recorded. But the early systems were complicated. Children couldn‘t learn them just by watching. That’s why schools became a necessity.Those first students learned reading， writing， and calculation. Having these skills gave people great power over those who did not have them. Some 5，000 years later， this is still true.

上传用户:huihuihui 上传时间:2023年10月14日

【英语（高起点）】

[大题] Once a landlord wanted to plant garlic in his fields. He found a group of boys and asked them to do the work for him. At lunch time he did not invite the boys to have lunch with his family. The boys had to sit by the door and have lunch on the ground. The landlord was afraid that other people would see the bad food for the boys. So with a smile on his face he said to them： “Boys， go and eat in the house. This is for your food. If you eat here by the door， the dogs will bite you.” The boys were surprised. But they said nothing and went to eat in the house. The landlord was quite pleased.Supper time came and the boys went into the house again. When they walked past the landlord‘s room， they looked in through the window. What do you think they saw there? They saw a big table with white bread and all kinds of good food on it. The landlord and his family were sitting around the table and eating their dinner. But the food for the boys was bad. The boys were very angry. They wanted to teach the landlord a lesson. So they decided to plant his garlic upside down. And that was what they did the next day.A few days later the garlic was coming out everywhere but not in the landlord‘s fields. The landlord was very surprised and asked the boys why this was so. “The garlic is afraid that the dogs will bite it，” the boys answered.

上传用户:huihuihui 上传时间:2023年10月14日

【英语（高起点）】

[大题] The International Olympic Committee (IOC) said on February 9 it would award its highest honour to Arthur Ashe， the tennis star and human rights fighter who died on February 6 of AIDS. He was 49.The award， called the Olympic Order， is awarded to sportsmen and others for service to the Olympics and its principled.Ashe never participated in the Olympics， but IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch said： “I think he was really a thorough Olympian.”Ashe is the first black man to win Wimbledon and the only black to win the Australian US open titles.Last April 8， he announced he had AIDS， which he got from a blood transfusion during a heart operation in 1983.Ashe often worked for racial equality in and out of sports. He said the happiest moment of his life was not winning Wimbledon， but when Nelson Mandela—South Africa‘s antiapartheid (反種族隔離的) leader—was freed from jail in 1990.A quote from Ashe： “I have good days and bad days. My ratio of good days to bad days is about six to one.”

上传用户:huihuihui 上传时间:2023年10月14日

【英语（高起点）】

[大题] For some time past， it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”， there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards， at least in the early time， had to be directly connected to such basic physiological “drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words， a baby would learn if he needed food or drink or some sort of physical comfort， not otherwise.It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except success in sight.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some movements， such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making， the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children‘s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “turned on” some lights—and indeed that they were able to learn some more turns to bring about this result， for example， two left or two right， or even to make as many as three turns to one side.Papousek‘ s light experiment was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the light closely although they would “smile and speak” when the light was on. Papousek concluded that it was not the sight of the lights which pleased them. It was the success they were achieving in solving the problem， in mastering the skill， and then there is a basic human nature to make sense of the world and bring it under control.

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【英语（高起点）】

[大题] If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago， we should probably have to say that we could not remember. But if we had kept a book and written in it an account of _1_ each day， we should be able to give an answer _2_ the question.It is the same in the history. __ have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them. Sometimes men _4_ a record of the important happenings in _5_ country， _6_ often it was destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people _7_ did not know how to write. For example， we know _8_ the people who lived in China 4，000 years ago， because they could write and _9_ written records for these who live _10_ them. But we know _11_ nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in Central Africa， because they _12_.Sometimes， of course， even if the people cannot write， they may know something of the past. They have learned about it from _13_ people， and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings， and these have been sung and acted and told _14_ many generations (後代)。 Most people are proud to tell _15_ their fathers did in the past. This we may call “remembered history”。 _16_ has now been written down. It is not so exact _17_ so valuable to us _18_ written history is， because words are much more easily _19_ when used again and again in speech than copied in writing. But _20_ no written records， such spoken stories are often very helpful.

上传用户:huihuihui 上传时间:2023年10月14日