学历国家开放大学综合英语（2）大题在线搜题

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【综合英语（2）】

[大题] Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. Thissystem of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynarmic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes,manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education， and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture- -one has to live(经历) it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business of the world around, fllowing the model of Pepsi and McDonald's. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia (近视) or even blindness. Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built theiroperations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary(对手), know your audience, and know your customer.

上传用户:huihuihui 上传时间:2023年06月30日

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【综合英语（2）】

[大题] Telephone, television, radio, and telegragh all help people communicate with each other. Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over theworld. For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an election in another country. An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set. News of a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries. Within hours, help is on the way. Beci!use of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world, information travels fast. How has this speed of communication changed the world? To many people, the world has become smaller. Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller. It means that the world seems smaller. Two hundred years ago, communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the oceans. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach Americas. This time difference influenced people's action. For example, one battle, or fight, in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided. A peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America. During the six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought. Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed. They would not have died if news had come in time. In the past, communication took much more time than it does now. There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger than it does today.

上传用户:huihuihui 上传时间:2023年06月30日

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【综合英语（2）】

[大题] Do you feel that your home is a safe place and that danger lies only in the outside world?Would you be surprised to learn that your“safe place” could be a very dangerous place? The truth is that accidents at home result（in）more injuries than motor vehicle and workplace accidents put together. Serious injuries and even death can be caused by accidental falls,fires, burns, poisonings and electrical hazards.Falls are the number one cause of accidental deaths in the home every year and main reason for accidental deaths of the elderly. They are mostly due（to）slippery surfaces or loose rugs. Fires,often caused by cigarette smoking, are（more dangerous）for the smoke and poisonous gases they create than for the actual flames. Electrical hazards, responsible（for）many home fires, are frequently caused by overloaded wires and fixtures. Burns happen most often to children and the elderly,usually in the bathroom, when the water is too（hot） The （leading）cause of accidental deaths at home for people between the ages of 14 and 44 is poisoning, often the result of the misuse of medicines.Accidents and injuries in the home don’t have to（happen）. They can be prevented if simple precautions are taken.Safety Tips In the Kitchen:Turn all pot handles toward the back of the stove.Use a steady step stool when reaching for items on high shelves.Keep a fire extinguish er nearby.Keep knives and sharp objects in a safe place.Store cleaning materials and poisons in their original containers and lock them away if you have small children.In the Bathroom:Set the hot water heater at a temperature（less）than 120 degrees F.Don't use electrical appliances（like）radios and hair dryers near water, and never touch them with wet hands.Keep medicines and vitamins clearly labeled and store them in childproof containers.Throughout the House:Don't plug too many appliances into the same wall outlet or extension cord.Make sure rugs and carpets are secure.If an electrical cord is damaged（in）any way, do not use it. Have it repaired or replaced.Keep hallways and stairs well lighted and free from clutter.Install smoke detectors and keep them in working order.If you smoke, never smoke in bed and be careful not to smoke in a place where you might fall asleep.Keep emergency numbers next to the telephone. A con tract is an agreement which is enforceable by law.It can be long or short, formal or informal, simple or complicated, and verbal or written. Without a contract or agreement to bind the contracting parties, any international business or transaction(交易) would be impossible. Long ago, people exchanged promises in making bargains and binding the conduct of others. This exchange of promises came to be known as“agreement”and became more and more important in the fields of business. A promise or agreement is reached as a result of the process of offer and acceptance. When an agreement is reached, a contract is formed. Once a contract is officially signed by the concerned parties, it creates legal obligations in the sense of law.A contract is the only document between the parties to which they may refer for clarification of mutual responsibilities. It should not be viewed as merely a document that initiates transaction and then filed and forgotten by the contracting parties. It must be drafted with an awareness of the background of the law in which the transaction takes place.It is proper to obtain legal advice as to the best set of contractual terms appropriate to the product and type of business.Though most of the contracts have many provisions in common, each is different from the others owing to the nature of the goods. Whether we are dealing with a long or pre-printed form of the contract, there are certain key provisions that every con tract should contain to avoid ambiguity and possible future conflicts. Whether to include other specific provisions depends on the type of goods, shipping and insurance complexities, and degree of trust and mutual confidence existing between buy er and seller.

上传用户:吴学银上传时间:2023年06月30日

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【综合英语（2）】

[大题] Laptop(便携式) computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptops connect people to their workplace. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms.West lake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do school work anywhere they want. Within five years, each of the 1,500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are a part of a $10 million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to “speak” with their teachers, their classmates, and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees—anywhere at all!Because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education,such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other resources. State higher-education official s are studying how laptop s can help students. State Officials also are testing laptop programs at other universities, too.At West lake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one West lake teacher said, “Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we're giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything.”

上传用户:huihuihui 上传时间:2023年06月30日

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【综合英语（2）】

[大题] Shundagarh is a village on India's east-facing coast. It is a village of simple mud and grass houses built on the beach just above the waterline. The Khadra Hills rise immediately behind the village, to a height of one hundred and fifty meters. A simple, good-hearted old man, whose name was Jalpur, farmed two small field s on the very edge of these hills. From his fields he could see the fishing boats that travelled up and down the coast. He could seethe children playing on the sands; their mothers washing clothes on the flat stones where the Shiva River flowed into the sea; and their fathers landing the latest catch or repairing nets and telling stories that had no end.All Jalpur owned in the world were the clothes he wore day in and day out, the miserable(糟糕的) hu t that he slept in at night, a few tools and cooking pots-and his fields.The corn that he grew was all that made life possible. If the weather was kind and the harvest was good, Jalpu r could live happily enough-not well, but happily. When the sun was fierce, and there was little or no rain, then he came close to the line between life and death.Last year the weather had been so kind, and the harvest promised to be so good that Jalpur had been wondering whether he could sell all that he had and live with his son farther up the coast. He had been thinking about doing this for some years. It was his dearest wish to spend his last days with his son and his wife. But he would go only if he could give; he would not go if it meant taking food out of the mouths of his grandchildren. He would rather die hungry than do this.On the day when Jalpur decided that he would harvest his corn, sell it, and move up the coast, he looked out to sea and saw a huge wave, several kilometers out, advancing on thecoast and on the village of Shundagarh. Within ten minutes everyone in Shundagarh would be drowned. Jalpur would have shouted, but the people were too far away to hear. He would have run down the hill, but he was too old to run. He was prepared to do anything to save the people of Shundagarh, so he did the only thing that he could do: he set fire to his corn.In a matter of seconds the flames were rising high and smoke was rising higher. Within a minute the people of Shundagarh were racing up the hill to see what had happened. There, in the middle of his blackened cornfield, they found Jalpur; and there they buried him. On his grave, they wrote the words: Here lies Jalpur, a man who gave, living : a man who died, giving.

上传用户:huihuihui 上传时间:2023年06月30日

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【综合英语（2）】

[大题] Do you feel that your home is a safe place and that danger lies only in the outside world? Would you be surprised to learn that your "safe place" could be a very dangerous place? The truth is that accidents at home result（1）more injuries than motor vehicle and workplaceaccidents put together. Serious injuries and even death can be caused by accidental falls, fires, burns, poisonings and electrical hazards. Falls are the number one cause of accidental deaths in the home every year and main reason for accidental deaths of the elderly. They are mostly due（2）slippery surfaces or loose rugs. Fires, often caused by cigarette smoking, are（3）for the smoke and poisonous gases they create than for the actual flames. Electrical hazards, responsible（4）many home fires, are frequently caused by overloaded wires and fixtures. Burns happen most often to children and the elderly, usually in the bathroom, when the water is too（5）. The（6）cause of accidental deaths at home for people between the ages of 14 and 44 is poisoning, often the result of the misuse of medicines. Accidents and injuries in the home don't have to（7）. They can be prevented if simpleprecaut10ns are taken.Safety TipsIn the Kitchen:• Turn all pot handles toward the back of the stove.• Use a steady step stool when reaching for items on high shelves.• Keep a fire extinguisher nearby.• Keep knives and sharp objects in a safe place.• Store cleaning materials and poisons in their original containers and lock them away if you have small children.In the Bathroom:• Set the hot water heater at a temperature（8）than 120 degrees• Don't use electrical appliances（9）radios and hair dryers near water, and never touch them with wet hands.• Keep medicines and vitamins clearly labeled and store them in childproof containers.Throughout the House:• Don't plug too many appliances into the same wall outlet or extension cord.• Make sure rugs and carpets are secure.• If an electrical cord is damaged（10）any way, do not use it. Have it repaired or replaced.• Keep hallways and stairs well lighted and free from clutter.• Install smoke detectors and keep them in working order.• If you smoke, never smoke in bed and be careful not to smoke in a place where you might fall asleep.• Keep emergency numbers next to the telephone.

上传用户:huihuihui 上传时间:2023年07月20日

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【综合英语（2）】

[大题] Miss Ebert kept the little bakery on the corner. Two or three times a week, she had a customer in（1）she began to take an interest. He was a middle-aged man （2）spectacles and a brown beard. He spoke English with a strong German accent. His clothes were worn and wrinkled, but he looked neat and（3）very good manners. He always bought two loaves of stale bread. He never asked for anything（4）stale bread; it cost a lot less than fresh bread.Once Miss Ebert（5）a red and brown stain on his finger. She was sure that he was an artist and very poor. No doubt he lived in an attic, where he painted pictures and ate stale bread and thought of the good things（6）eat in the bakery.Often when Miss Ebert sat down to her evening meal, she would sigh and wish the artist might share her food（7） of eating his dry bread. One day the customer came in（8）usual and asked for his stale bread. As the sudden noise of the fire engine made him hurry to the door, Miss Ebert（9）the opportunity. She cut each of the loaves with a knife,inserted some butter and, when the customer（10）,she was putting them into a paper bag.

上传用户:huihuihui 上传时间:2023年07月20日

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【综合英语（2）】

[大题] GEO: There's a tradition of a grand tour, a journey that teaches young people about the important cultures of their time. What should today's grand tour（1）?Theroux:People should travel not only to find out about the present（2）to find out about the future. A grand tour today should be the（3）of what it was in the past. Travelers should avoid museums, cathedrals, castles, and ruins. They should go（4）human life is, to places that give them an image of the future.GEO: What does it take to be a good traveler?Theroux:Courage. Curiosity. Travelers have to be（5）.They have to take risks. And they have to be（6）things vastly different from those they have come from. You see, a lot of people who travel are only looking for an idealized version of home. They travel to find home（7）better food, home plus more sunshine, home plus easier parking, home plus no crime, home plus the possibility of romance. The point is, they’re not looking for very much. They're not looking for the foreign, the strange, the really outlandish. People have always traveled（8）two ways. There have always been explorers, and there have always been vacationers. The explorer has the instinct to be the（9）person to see something, or the last. Only explorers will tell you this, but it's a fact: There are many, many places onearth where no one has ever（10）.The fact is, there are parts of the Amazon where animals will walk up and lick your hand because they’ve never seen a human being before. You can still see things as strange as Columbus ever saw.

上传用户:huihuihui 上传时间:2023年07月20日

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【综合英语（2）】

[大题] The city of Machu Picchu is one of the great mysteries of the world. It is an ancient city on a mountain high in the Peruvian Andes. A beautiful and mysterious site, it is completely（1）.In 1911, Yale University professor Hiram Bingham “（2）”Machu Picchu during an expedition in the Andes. Actually, local people led him to the site of the ruins,covered with jungle growth, Bingham believed that these ruins were the last capital of the Inc a empire, “the lost city of the Incas.”Was Bingham right? There has been much discussion by archeologists in（3）of the any written record of Machu Picchu. It is generally agreed that the city was built during the fifteenth century and（4）in the sixteenth century at the time of the Spanish conquest. It may have been built as fortress to pro tect the Incas from the conquering Spaniards or from neighboring tribes（5）attacked Machu Picchu. It may have been a holy city where religious rites were performed, perhaps by chosen women.(about three-quarters of the skeletons found at Machu Picchu are female.)The ruins of Machu Picchu consist（6）agricultural, residential, and sacred zones in an area of about two square miles. Approximately 1000 people lived there once. Over 200 stone buildings were used as homes, temples, and（7）for the corn and potatoes that were the main foods for the Incas. To grow these crops, along with other plants, the Incas designed a system of terraces and steps alongside the mountain to（8）erosion. They also built stone aqueducts and irrigation canals to provide water for the crops. The Incas even invented the first dehydrated food, called churio, a type of dried potato.The sacred buildings of Machu Picchu show the（9）skill of the Incas in architectural design and stonework. The Temple of the Sun, perhaps the most beautiful structure, is one of the highest points in the city. Some say it may once have been covered with gems. Yet（10）the Incas' advanced knowledge of engineering and expert stonework, they didn't have a written language.

上传用户:huihuihui 上传时间:2023年07月20日

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【综合英语（2）】

[大题] The existence of UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) is a source of controversy that often divides people into two （1）groups: those（2） believe that UFOs are the spaceships of intelligent beings from other planets, and those who disagree and believe these sightings have some other explanation. Those in the second group say these sightings could be （3） to the effects of a distant planet, a weather disturbance, or airplane lights, for example. Another possible explanation is that the people who report the sightings could be imagining （4） they saw or making up stories to get attention.Over the years there （5） many reports of people seeing mysterious objects in the sky.Sometimes these objects are described as having unusual bright lights. Some people even claim they have been taken on board spaceships by alien （6） . those who insist they have indeed been abducted by aliens have very strange stories to tell. Most of them share the same experiences such as being approached by creatures with large heads on small bodies with slits for eyes. These people say they have been led onto the spaceships against their （7）and given examinations and tests.After they are returned home, they might experience anxiety with occasional flashbacks and unusual dreams.One such mystery happened in 1975 in Arizona. Travis Walton, then twenty-two, was traveling in a truck with a group of men when they suddenly spotted a bright object. They stopped, and when Walton got out to get a better （8）, a beam of light came sown and hit him. His friends were so frightened that they drove off. They saw the light take off in to the sky and decided to return with flashlights. They couldn't find any signs of Walton, so they reported him missing.Five days later, Walton called his sister from a phone booth twelve miles away. He （9）upset and in pain. When he was picked up, he kept talking about awful creatures with horrible eyes that stared at him as hey led him onto a spaceship. At one point he found himself on an examination table, surrounded by the aliens. He was terrified and tried to attack the creatures, but they left the room. Frightened, he ran off into another room. He saw other humans there but they passed out.When he woke up, he was lying in the road, and saw the UFO take off. Walton's story has never been proved or disproved. However, Walton has passed a lie-detector test more than once.Some people who believe they have been abducted by aliens undergo hypnosis to try to "remember" what really happened. But this is not actual proof, for it is possible to "remember" something that was only a dream. Critics say that many people are （10） by UFO stories they have read and then use their colorful imaginations to come up with their own stories and finally convince themselves that these events took place.Are these people trying to play tricks on us? Are they confused and possibly showing signs of mental problems? Or are some of them telling the truth?

上传用户:huihuihui 上传时间:2023年07月21日

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