Passage 1

Questions l to 5 are based on the  following passage.

     He was a funny looking man with a cheerful face, good natured and a great talker. He was described by his student, the great philosopher Plato, as "the best and most just and wisest man". Yet this same man was condemned (判刑) to death for his beliefs.

     The man was the Greek philosopher, Socrates, and he was condemned for not believing in the recognized gods and for corrupting young people. The second charge stemmed from his association with numerous young men who came to Athens from all over the civilized world to study under him.

     Socrates' method of teaching was to ask questions and, by pretending not to know the answers, to press his students into thinking for themselves. His teachings had unsurpassed influence on all the great Greek and Roman schools of philosophy. Yet, despite his fame and influence, Socrates himself never wrote a word.

     Socrates encouraged new ideas and free thinking in the young, and this was frightening to the conservative people. They wanted him silenced. Yet, many were probably surprised that he accepted death so readily.

     Socrates had the right to ask for a lesser penalty, and he probably could have won over enough of the people who had previously condemned him. But Socrates, as a firm believer in law, reasoned that it was proper to submit to the death sentence. So he calmly accepted his fate and drank a cup of poison in the presence of his grief stricken friends and students.

According to Plato's description, Socrates .

A. was a funny and good-tempered man

B. was the most just and intelligent man

C. had a special way to attract his students

D. had close relationships with his students

Socrates was condemned for all the following reasons except

A. doubting the publicly recognized gods

B. corrupting the young people with his teachings

C. grouping students together to study under him

D. pressing his listeners into thinking for themselves

Socrates' teaching was intended to

A. encourage independent thinking

B. win over the conservative people

C. inform students of his radical ideas

D. lead his audience to be disobedient

The word "unsurpassed" in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to 

A. untold

B. unequalled

C. unnoticed

D. unexpected

Socrates readily accepted the death penalty because of

A. his disregard for death

B. his disbelief in gods

C. his contempt for conservatives

D. his belief in the legal system

Passage 2

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.

     When you're negotiating with someone, listen for the messages that he or she might be sending to you. For example, the word "difficult" does not mean the same as impossible. Imagine you're staying in a hotel, and you want to change your room. The manager's answer of, "That would be very difficult, sir", does not mean that he is saying "no". It just means that he wants to know what you are prepared to offer him in return for the change of room.

     If you are buying a new car, and want to pay less than the price being asked, then the salesman's comment, "I'm sorry, but we never negotiate on the price", means that they do negotiate on other things, like the delivery time, or the "extra" that might be available as part of the purchase. In the same car showroom, if the salesman says, "Sorry, I can't negotiate prices", then your response should be to ask who can. The message the salesman is sending suggests that his boss is the one you need to be talking to.

     In all of these situations, the message is never communicated in clear terms. In any negotiation, the two "players" wish to get as much out of it as they can, of course. In the three examples above, the salesmen and the hotel manager are hoping that you will accept their price or conditions, but their "messages" make it clear that there may be room for movement and compromise. In a successful negotiation, the two sides move towards each other and reach agreement on conditions that satisfy both sides.

The hotel manager's answer "That would be very difficult, sir"implies

A. you can change the room if you find some excuse

B. someone else has paid more for the room under discussion

C. the room is available if an extra sum of money is offered

D. someone else has booked the room in return for more money

When the salesmen tell you that they never negotiate on the price, you

A. negotiate the price with the manager

B. demand to see the one who can

C. find out other possibilities in the purchase

D. accept the price without any further negotiation

This passage is intended for

A. Managers

B. customers

C. Salesmen

D. scholars

The passage tells us how to

A. send messages in a negotiation

B. become a successful salesman

C. profit from business transactions

D. receive messages in a negotiation

it can be safely concluded from the passage that

A. at least two players should be in the room for communication

B. a lot can be inferred from what is actually stated in negotiation

C. you should never communicate your ideas in clear terms

D. you should play the roles of a salesman and manager in a negotiation

Passage 3

Questions 11 t0 15 are based on the  following passage.

      No sooner had the first intrepid male aviators safely returned to Earth than it seemed that women, too, had been smitten by an urge to fly. From mere spectators they became willing passengers and finally pilots in their own right, plotting their skills and daring line against the hazards of the air and the skepticism of their male counterparts.  In doing so, they enlarged the traditional bounds of a women's world, won for their sex a new sense of competence and achievement, and contributed handsomely to the progress of aviatior.

     But recognition of their abilities did not come easily. "Men do not believe us capable. " the famed aviator Amelia Earhart once remarked to a friend. "Because we are women, seldom are we trusted to do an efficient job. " Indeed old attitudes died hard: when Charles Lindbergh visited the Soviet Union in 1938 with his wife,  Anne- herself a pilot and gifted proponent of aviation-he was astonished to discover both men and women flying in the Soviet Air Force.

     Such conventional wisdom made it difficult for women to raise money for the up-to-date equipment they needed to compete on an equal basis with meri. Yet they did compete, and often they triumphed finally despite the odds.

      Ruth Law, whose 590-mile flight from Chicago to Hornell, New York, set a new nonstop distance record in 1916, exemplified the resourcefulness and grit demanded of any woman who wanted to fly.And when she addressed the Aero Club of America after completing her historic journey, her plainspoken words testified to a universal

human motivation that was unaffected by gender: "My flight was done with no expectation of reward," she declared, "just purely for the love of accomplishment. "

Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A. A Long Flight.

B. Women in Aviation History.

C. Dangers Faced by Pilots.

D. Women Spectators.

According to the passage, women pilots were successful in all of the following except

A. challenging the conventional role of women

B. contributing to the science of aviation

C. winning universal recognition from men

D. building the confidence of women

What can be inferred from the passage about the United States Air Force in 1938?

A. It had no women pilots.

B. It gave pilots handsome salaries.

C. It had old planes that were in need of repair.

D. It could not be trusted to do an efficient job.

In their efforts to compete with men, early women pilots had difficulty in

A. addressing clubs

B. flying nonstop

C. setting records

D. raising money

According to the passage, who said that flying was done with no expecation of reward?

A. Amelia Earhart.

B. Charles Lindbergh.

C. Anne Lindbergh.

D. Ruth Law.

Passage 4

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the  following passage.

     In recent years,Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they've become wealthier and more worldly wise. Foreign travel is a national passion: this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere,Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald's and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to "Have a nice day" has caught on all over Israel. "Nobody wakes:up in the morning and says, 'Let's be nicer,''' says itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm."Nothing happens without competition "

     Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies (垄断者)that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls "the revengeful(报复的) consumer".  When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40 % of its market share, even while offering

competitive rates. Says Perry, "People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service. " The electric company,whose monopoly may be short-lived,has suddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now,appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless EIAl Airlines, which is already at auction(拍卖) ,has

returned its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan,"You can feel the change in the air. " For the first time,praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.

It may be inferred from the passage that

A. customer service in Israel is now improving

B. wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please

C. the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel

D. Israeli customers .prefer foreign products to domestic ones

In the author's view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel

A. if customer complaints go unnoticed by the management

B. unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbers

C. if there's no competition among companies

D. without strict routine training of employees

If someone in Israel today needs a repairman m case of a power failure,

A. they can have it fixed m no time

B. it's no longer necessary to make an appointment

C. the appointment takes only half a day to make

D. they only have to wait half an hour at most

The example of EIAl Airlines shows that

A. revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprises

B. an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficulty

C. a good slogan has great potential for improving service

D. staff retraining is essential for better service

Why did Bezaq's international branch lose 40% of its market share?

A. Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.

B. Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.

C. Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.

D. Because it no longer received any support from the governmerit.

Passage 5

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

      It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.

      Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves.  Memory is involved when a rat gives up an eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.

      Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computer, for example, contains devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being.The instant-access memory of a large computer may- hold up to 1,000,000 "words" ready for instant use.  An average U. S.  teenager

probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English.However, his is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.

      The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person's memory is in terms of .words and combinations of words.

According to the passage, memory is considered to be

A. the basis for decision making and problem solving

B. an ability to store experiences for future use

C. an intelligence typically possessed by human beings

D. the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words

The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of a human being shows that

A. the computer's memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenager's

B. the computer's memory capacity is much smaller than an adult human being's

C. the computer's memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenager's

D. the computer's memory capacity is the same as any teenager's

The whole passage implies that

A. only human beings have problem solving intelligence

B. a person s memory is different from a computer's in every respect

C. animals are able to solve only very simple problems

D. animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence

The phrase "in terms of" in the last sentence can best be replaced by

A. "in connection with"

C. " consisting"

B. "expressed of"

D. "by means of"

What will be accounted for after the last paragraph of this passage?

A. Life will also be happy even if there is no memory for people.

B. Both human beings and animals have the same memory.

C. People's memory is inferior to computers.

D. The way that people use words and combination of words to form memory.